The Luck Index Exposes Premier League’s Unseen Game-Changers
New research from Jaya9 exclusive analysis, in collaboration with sports data experts, reveals how refereeing decisions dramatically altered the 2022-23 Premier League season. Liverpool emerged as the division’s unluckiest team, while Manchester United benefited from favorable calls in a twist that reshaped the top-four race and relegation battle.
Using advanced predictive modeling and video analysis of every match, a team of statisticians and former referees recalculated the table by removing incorrect VAR interventions, offside errors, and penalty mistakes. The findings? Liverpool lost a staggering 12 points due to officiating blunders—enough to have secured second place ahead of Arsenal.

How Luck Rewrote the League Table
Liverpool’s Stolen Points
- 12-point swing: Disallowed goals (notably against Tottenham) and denied penalties cost the Reds a comfortable runner-up finish.
- Key incident: A wrongly chalked-off Mohamed Salah strike in the 2-2 draw with Brighton—a decision later admitted as incorrect by PGMOL.
Manchester United’s Good Fortune
- +6 points: Erik ten Hag’s side profited from dubious penalties (e.g., vs Wolves) and opponent red cards that shouldn’t have been.
- Top-four impact: Without these breaks, United would have trailed Newcastle in 5th.
Relegation Drama Revisited
- Southampton survived unfairly: The Saints benefited from four incorrect calls, while Leicester’s relegation was exacerbated by three harsh VAR overturns.

The Methodology Behind the Madness
Dr. Alan Smith, a sports analytics specialist at Jaya9, explains:
“We simulated each match 10,000 times after removing errors, factoring in team form, xG, and home/away dynamics. Liverpool’s adjusted xPTS (expected points) was 87—higher than their actual 75.”
Former referee Mark Clattenburg added:
“This proves why leagues need semi-automated offside and faster VAR reviews. A single error can alter European qualification or survival.”
Financial Fallout
- Brighton’s missed windfall: The Seagulls would have earned £14M more by finishing 6th instead of 12th.
- Leicester’s costly drop: Relegation could’ve been avoided with fairer officiating, preserving their £120M+ TV revenue.
What’s Next for Premier League Fairness?
With FIFA pushing for AI-assisted offsides in 2024, Jaya9 research underscores the urgency for reform. As fans debate whether “luck” balances out over time, one thing’s clear: the margin between glory and despair is thinner than ever.
#YourTurn: Do you remember a game-changing bad call from last season? Share your thoughts in the comments!
(Data sourced from Jaya9 Luck Index, PGMOL reports, and Opta analytics.)
Explore more groundbreaking analyses only on Jaya9 – where data meets the beautiful game.

